The 5th book of the DSM book, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which was published periodically by the American Psychiatrists Association, was published in 2013 as a guide for detecting and treating psychological and psychiatric conditions.
In this book prepared according to DSM-5, we will talk about eating and nutritional disorders.
Obesity, which was originally included in the DSM-4 and is no longer referred to as an eating disorder; It may be significantly associated with certain mental conditions such as binge eating, depressive and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Obesity can also be a side effect of some psychotherapeutic drugs.
As a result of obesity, we can talk about depressive disorder.
PICA:
It is one of the most common conditions in children.
Children in the first 2 years after birth; Since they usually recognize objects with their mouths, care should be taken that children are older than 2 years of age to diagnose pica.
It can be caused by autism spectrum disorder, lack of supervision and developmental delay.
Rumination:
It is the repetitive, involuntary, non-disgust extraction, chewing, swallowing or spitting of the removed food for at least 1 month.
It should be ensured that it is not associated with gastroesophageal reflux or pyloric stenosis.
It usually starts in babies between 3 and 12 months.
It can be caused by lack of supervision and neglect.
Restrictive Nutrient Intake:
Loss of interest in food, sensitivity to smell, and aggressive consequences of eating may appear.
Significant weight loss can be observed as significant nutritional deficiency, intravenous nutrition or adherence to oral nutritional supplements.
It appears in childhood.
There are many physiological and psychological risk factors.
Anorexia Nervosa:
Depending on the energy intake restriction, severe weakness, fear of obesity and obesity, body and mass perception disorder, various behaviors for loss of body mass may appear as amenorrhea.
It has two subtypes. A detailed study of specialists may be required for diagnosis.
Body mass index for adults is below 18.5 kg/m².
Evaluation should be made by considering other physiological and psychological factors.
Bulimia Nervosa:
We can talk about individuals who have had a binge eating attack at least once in three months, and who have taken various actions to lose weight. There is nutrient recovery.
Removal can have many consequences.
Nutrient and nutritional element disorders, absorption and uptake disorders of vitamins and minerals, nutritional and elemental disorders, rupture of the esophagus and stomach may occur. Some cardiac arrhythmias can lead to death.
Binge Eating:
It appears as a large amount of food consumption over a certain period of time. There is a feeling of loss of control. A lot of food is consumed without hunger. Depending on overeating, avoidance of social environment, embarrassment and consumption of meals alone are also seen.
When compared to obese individuals with the same body mass index, functional disorders, decrease in quality of life and subjective mental health disorders are seen in individuals who experience attacks.
It does not appear as recurrent in most obese individuals
Another Identified Nutrition and Eating Disorder:
In fact, species that do not fully comply with the criteria of many psychological conditions mentioned here, but are close, night eating syndrome, species that constantly want to spit out large amounts of food instead of swallowing it fall into this group.
Night Eating Syndrome: Waking up from sleep or eating a lot just before going to sleep.
While eating, it is known and remembered that the food was eaten, even if he is not aware of it.
At least 25% of the daily energy is taken after dinner and/or it is eaten at least 2 nights a week.
He has morning anorexia.
Another Unspecified Nutrition and Eating Disorder:
They are conditions that decrease in functionality, eating and feeding disorders are not fully defined, and fall outside the diagnostic criteria.
It is also a definition used by centers such as the emergency department for clinicians to make quicker decisions.
Orthorexia:
This situation, which is not defined in DSM-5, can actually be defined as an extremely healthy and clean diet.
It can create a difficult and socially damaging situation in life conditions.
If you suspect such situations, I highly recommend that you talk to your therapist.
Stay healthy.
I graduated from Hacettepe University in as a dietitian in two thousand nineteen. During university, I spent my summer months together with young people whose target audience is between the ages of seven - seventeen, in out-of-school educational institutions and camps, and strengthened my communication skills with them. Together, we found our nutrition routine and formed the basis of healthy eating.
